公開素材哪裡找
不花錢的一手材料:各法域法規資料庫、免費判決全文、國際組織文件、公開課綱,與它們的用法。
這個領域的一手材料大多免費,付費的是二手整理。這章列我實際用的公開來源,每一條都是點開就能讀的。
法規原文
台灣用全國法規資料庫,別忘了每部法的「沿革」頁——本站寫「所得稅法信託專節 2001 年增訂」,就是從沿革頁的總統令逐字核來的1;沿革頁載的是總統令的日期與文號,教科書的立法史段落多半是轉述。大陸用國家稅務總局的政策法規庫(fgk.chinatax.gov.cn),第 21 號公告的全文就掛在上面2;財政部自己的發布頁偶爾壞掉,法規庫穩定得多。新加坡的 Singapore Statutes Online 可以直接看所得稅法第 13O3、13U 條現行文本4;紐西蘭 legislation.govt.nz5、澤西 jerseylaw.je6 也都是官方全文。跨境承認查海牙國際私法會議(HCCH)網站的公約締約狀態表,精確到每一國的簽署、批准、生效日期7。
判決全文
新加坡的 eLitigation 免費放出判決 PDF8,張蘭案兩審([2022] SGHC 278 與 [2023] SGHC(A) 22)都有原文9;法院認定的是帳戶資金實質上仍屬張蘭10。台灣用司法院裁判書系統,孳息他益案件群的判決全文都在裡面。
國際組織文件
OECD 的 CRS 標準連同逐條 Commentary 是公開出版品,2017 年第二版11與 2025 年合併文本12的 PDF 都能直接下載,整份免費。CARF 的規則文本與 2023 年版的 CRS 修正合訂在同一份出版品裡13,交換時程則要看全球論壇每年的實施進度報告14。FATF 的第 2415、25 項建議修訂16與兩份實益所有權指引,官網全文公開。這批材料沒有語言以外的門檻。
課綱與書目
STEP 的知識清單掛在它認可的培訓機構 CLTi 的課程頁上,十項主題從信託的構成要素排到 STEP 標準條款17,報名前就已公開,拿來當自學的檢核表很好用;同一門課的開課日程與考試日另有一份公開 PDF18。牛津那門比較信託法課的頁面也公開了涵蓋主題19。出版社的官方書目頁(牛津的 global.oup.com)可以核對版次與出版年,本站書單的出版資訊都是這樣核的。
產業數字
Cerulli 的新聞稿20、UBS《全球財富報告》的發布頁21、匯豐與麥肯錫的研究,都有公開摘要。這幾份的引用方式在「財富大轉移」那一章示範過:標機構、標母體、標截止年。
律所通訊當入口,別當出處
它們快、免費、常常寫得好,但它們是行銷品,日期與範圍偶有出入。順著通訊找到法條與判決的原文,引原文。
註釋
- 1全國法規資料庫,所得稅法沿革,第 35 次修正中華民國九十年六月十三日總統(90)華總一義字第 9000116070 號令修正公布第 123、126 條條文;並刪除第 56 條條文;並增訂第 3-2、3-3、3-4、4-3、6-1、6-2、89-1、92-1、111-1 條條文;並自九十年七月一日起施行這次修正增訂的第 3-2 條至第 3-4 條、第 6-1 條,就是所得稅法的信託課稅規定;沿革頁載的是總統令的日期與文號,施行日為 2001 年 7 月 1 日。原文
- 2國家稅務總局政策法規庫,政策法規庫,2026 年第 21 號公告全文頁財政部 稅務總局關於離岸信託個人所得稅有關事項的公告 財政部 稅務總局公告 2026 年第 21 號公告全文 18 條,2026 年 7 月 24 日發布、自發布之日起實施;引文依本站體例轉為繁體。原文
- 3Singapore Statutes Online,Income Tax Act 1947 第 13O 條第 1 項13O.—(1) Subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations, specified in the letter of approval of the company, or specified from time to time by the Minister or an authorised body and either notified to the company or published in a manner that the Minister or authorised body reasonably believes will bring the conditions to the notice of the company, there is exempt from tax such income as the Minister may by regulations prescribe of a company incorporated and resident in Singapore and approved by the Minister or an authorised body (called in this section an approved company)13O 的免稅以公司在新加坡設立並為居民、經主管機關核准、資金由新加坡基金經理管理為要件,免稅所得的範圍由部長以規則定之。原文
- 4Singapore Statutes Online,Income Tax Act 1947 第 13U 條第 1 項13U.—(1) Subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations, or specified in the letter of approval of the person, master fund, feeder fund, SPV, master‑feeder fund structure, master‑feeder fund‑SPV structure or master fund‑SPV structure, or specified from time to time by the Minister or an authorised body and either notified to the holder of the letter of approval or published in a manner that the Minister or authorised body reasonably believes will bring the conditions to the notice of the holder of the letter of approval, there is exempt from tax such income as the Minister may by regulations prescribe of13U 的核准對象及於個人、主基金、饋給基金與特殊目的公司等結構,其餘要件與 13O 同一形式。原文
- 5New Zealand Legislation 官方法規網站,Trusts Act 2019 第 1 條、第 2 條第 1 項This Act is the Trusts Act 2019. 2 Commencement (1) This Act comes into force on the day that is 18 months after the date on which it receives the Royal assent.原文
- 6Jersey Law 官方法規網站,Trusts (Jersey) Law 1984 第 9 條第 1 項shall be determined in accordance with the law of Jersey and no rule of foreign law shall affect such question.第 9 條第 1 項把信託效力、財產移轉、委託人能力、受託人權限等問題一律定為依澤西法決定,排除外國法的適用。原文
- 71985 年海牙信託公約締約狀態表(HCCH),締約狀態表,Italy 列Italy 1-VII-1985 21-II-1990 R 1-I-1992欄位依序是簽署、批准、類型、生效。義大利 1985 年 7 月 1 日簽署、1990 年 2 月 21 日批准,1992 年 1 月 1 日生效,這也是整張表上最早的生效日。原文
- 8新加坡 eLitigation 判決資料庫,判決 PDF 首頁IN THE APPELLATE DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE [2023] SGHC(A) 22 Civil Appeal No 4 of 2023上訴審判決書的 PDF 掛在 eLitigation,不必註冊即可下載。原文
- 9[2023] SGHC(A) 22(新加坡高等法院上訴庭,2023 年 6 月 27 日),判決第 88 段Mdm Zhang’s appeals in AD 4 and AD 5 are dismissed. SETL’s appeals in AD 6 and AD 7 are also dismissed.原文
- 10La Dolce Vita Fine Dining v Zhang Lan [2022] SGHC 278(新加坡高等法院,2022 年 11 月 2 日),判決理由第 4 段I am satisfied that the judgment creditors have proven on a balance of probabilities that the moneys in the bank accounts belong beneficially to the judgment debtor and that it is just and convenient for receivers to be appointed in aid of satisfaction of the judgments.原文
- 11OECD:CRS 標準含 Commentary(第二版,2017),第二版前言,出版品內容說明This publication contains the following four parts: • A model Competent Authority Agreement (CAA) for the automatic exchange of CRS information; • The Common Reporting Standard; • The Commentaries on the CAA and the CRS; and • The CRS XML Schema User Guide.逐條註釋(Commentaries)與 CRS 本文收在同一份出版品裡,不必另外購買。原文
- 12OECD:CRS 合併文本(2025),2025 年合併文本前言This publication contains an unofficial consolidated text of the CRS, incorporating the amendments made, resulting from the comprehensive review of the Standard.2025 年這份是把歷次修正併進 2014 年文本的非官方合併本,增刪處以底線與刪除線標示。原文
- 13OECD, International Standards for Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters: Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework and 2023 update to the Common Reporting Standard(2023 年 6 月),出版品內容說明This publication contains the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and a set of amendments to the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), along with associated Commentaries and exchange of information frameworks (collectively referred to as the International Standards for Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters), as approved by the OECD’s Committee on Fiscal Affairs over the course of 2022/2023.CARF 規則本文、2023 年版 CRS 修正與兩者的註釋,都在這一份 2023 年出版品裡。原文
- 14OECD/全球稅務透明與資訊交換論壇, Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework: 2025 Monitoring and Implementation Update (2025),第 22 段This includes a general expectation that jurisdictions identified as relevant to the CARF commit to commence exchanges under the CARF within three years of being found relevant to the CARF.交換時程由全球論壇的承諾程序決定:法域經認定為 CARF 相關後三年內開始交換,2024 年首年遇有困難者多給一年。原文
- 15FATF:法人實益所有權指引(R.24)(2022 年 3 月),R.24 實益所有權指引頁,2023 年 3 月 10 日發布說明In March 2022, the FATF agreed on tougher global beneficial ownership standards in its Recommendation 24 by requiring countries to ensure that competent authorities have access to adequate, accurate and up-to-date information on the true owners of companies.原文
- 16FATF:法律安排(含信託)實益所有權與透明度指引(R.25)(2023 年 2 月),R.25 實益所有權指引頁,2024 年 3 月 11 日發布說明Following the February 2023 revisions to FATF Recommendation 25 on Beneficial ownership and transparency of legal arrangements, the FATF has updated its risk-based guidance for this Recommendation.原文
- 17CLT International(STEP 認可培訓機構):STEP Advanced Certificate in Administration of Trusts (England and Wales) 課程頁,課程頁「What will I learn?」一節The essential features of trusts The classification of different types of trusts The requirements for the creation of a valid express private trust The different rules applicable to the formation and operation of express trusts, implied trusts and private and charitable purpose trusts The principles of the taxation of trusts The duties and powers of trustees and other fiduciaries The general principles of liability and appropriate remedies and defences for breach Variation of trusts, remedies for mistake and setting trusts aside Administration of trusts, including registration, trustee remuneration and indemnity for expenses The STEP Standard Provisions十項主題從信託的構成要素、類型、有效成立要件,一路排到課稅原則、受託人義務與權限、違反義務的責任與救濟、信託變更與撤銷、行政管理與 STEP 標準條款。原文
- 18STEP:Advanced Certificate in Administration of Trusts(England & Wales)2026 年 1 月梯次開課日程表(2026 年 1 月),2026 年 1 月梯次日程表The course content can be accessed from 12th January 2026同一梯次的報名截止日、三場工作坊日期與 2026 年 5 月 13 日的考試日都印在這張表上。原文
- 19牛津大學法學院:Comparative and International Trust Law(BCL/MJur 選修),課程說明This includes US law, which has diverged in interesting ways from English trust law, and also the laws of many offshore jurisdictions, which have made multiple important statutory modifications in the last decades. It is also possible to study civilian implementations of trusts in English. This can be done through the so-called ‘mixed’ jurisdictions such as Scotland (which has recently passed important trust law legislation), South Africa (where many court decisions and much scholarship are in English), and Quebec (where all legislation, and decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada, are officially bilingual, and where much scholarship is in English). In addition to this, there are materials in English that speak to the French fiducie, the German Treuhand, the Italian experience with trusts governed by non-Italian law, the implementation of trusts in Japan and China, and much more besides.原文
- 20Cerulli Associates:至 2048 年 124 兆美元財富移轉(美國)新聞稿(2024),2024 年 12 月 5 日新聞稿Cerulli projects that wealth transferred through 2048 will total $124 trillion—$105 trillion is expected to flow to heirs, while $18 trillion will go to charity.新聞稿只給總數與幾個分項,逐年與逐世代的完整數字在付費報告《The Cerulli Report—U.S. High-Net-Worth and Ultra-High-Net-Worth Markets 2024》裡。原文
- 21UBS, Global Wealth Report 2025 (2025),2025 年 6 月 18 日媒體稿,Asset allocation, generational wealth perspectives, and wealth transfer 一節Over the next 20–25 years, more than USD 83 trillion is expected to be transferred, with USD 9 trillion moving horizontally, between spouses, and USD 74 trillion moving between generations.原文
出處
- 全國法規資料庫
- 國家稅務總局政策法規庫
- Singapore Statutes Online
- New Zealand Legislation 官方法規網站
- Jersey Law 官方法規網站
- 1985 年海牙信託公約締約狀態表(HCCH)——各國簽署、批准、生效日期逐國列明
- 新加坡 eLitigation 判決資料庫
- La Dolce Vita Fine Dining v Zhang Lan [2022] SGHC 278(新加坡高等法院,2022 年 11 月 2 日)
- [2023] SGHC(A) 22(新加坡高等法院上訴庭,2023 年 6 月 27 日)——駁回張蘭與 SETL 之上訴
- OECD:CRS 標準含 Commentary(第二版,2017)——全文公開下載
- OECD:CRS 合併文本(2025)
- OECD, International Standards for Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters: Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework and 2023 update to the Common Reporting Standard(2023 年 6 月)——CARF 規則本文與 2023 年版 CRS 修正的合訂出版品,PDF 全文公開下載
- OECD/全球稅務透明與資訊交換論壇, Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework: 2025 Monitoring and Implementation Update (2025)——CARF 交換時程:預期 2027 年開始,法域經認定為相關後三年內開始交換
- FATF:法人實益所有權指引(R.24)(2022 年 3 月)——2022 年 3 月修訂
- FATF:法律安排(含信託)實益所有權與透明度指引(R.25)(2023 年 2 月)——第 25 項建議於 2023 年 2 月修訂,配套的風險基礎指引 2024 年 3 月 11 日更新
- CLT International(STEP 認可培訓機構):STEP Advanced Certificate in Administration of Trusts (England and Wales) 課程頁——「What will I learn?」一節列出十項課程主題,等於公開的知識清單
- STEP:Advanced Certificate in Administration of Trusts(England & Wales)2026 年 1 月梯次開課日程表(2026 年 1 月)——報名截止日、三場工作坊日期與考試日;課程主題清單不在這份,在培訓機構 CLTi 的課程頁
- 牛津大學法學院:Comparative and International Trust Law(BCL/MJur 選修)——2026–27 學年開課;nextExpected=下一學年開始,課程頁逐年改版
- Cerulli Associates:至 2048 年 124 兆美元財富移轉(美國)新聞稿(2024)
- UBS, Global Wealth Report 2025 (2025)——全球未來 20 至 25 年逾 83 兆美元移轉;2026-08-04 查核:GWR 2026(2026-06-30 發布)媒體報導仍引同一數字(83 兆、20-25 年),未被新版改掉,正文兩章的引文維持引 2025 年 6 月版原文不動;nextExpected=下一版慣常發布月(GWR 一貫 6 月),屆時再查有無變動。